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University  of  California. 

FROM    rui:    l.IHKARY    OF 

DR.     FRANCIS     LIEBER, 

rroforSFor  of  History  and  Law  in  Columbia  College,  New  York. 

IHK   Glt'T   OF 

MICHAEL     REESE, 

()/  Sa;i  Francisco.  ,s^  ^    ^ 

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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/bibliographicalcOOschorich 


LITERATURE 


OF  THE 


INDIAN    LANGUAGES. 


A  collection  of  all  translations  into  the  Indian  languages  is  being  made 
in  the  Indian  Bureau  of  the  War  Office. 

The  ensuing  notices  of  elementary  and  other  books,  denote  the  progress 
which  has  been  made  in  this  department  of  inquiry.  The  list  is  necessa- 
rily incomplete,  from  the  short  time  that  has  been  devoted  to  the  object. 
It  is  issued  in  this  form  to  apprise  translators  who  have,  or  may  enter  this 
jfield  of  labor,  of  the  works  received,  that  they  may  avoid  sending  dupli- 
cates; at  the  same  time,  that  they  are  requested  to  aid  in  completing  the 
plan  by  transmitting,  under  cover  in  all  cases,  to  the  Commissioner  of  In- 
dian Affairs,  original  or  revised  works,  of  every  kind,  including  gram- 
mars and  vocabularies,  which  are  not  embraced  in  this  incipient  catalogue. 

The  true  history  of  the  Indian  tribes  and  their  international  relations, 
must  rest,  as  a  basis,  upon  the  light  obtained  from  their  languages.  To 
group  and  classify  them  into  families  on  philosophical  principles,  will  be 
to  restore  these  ancient  relations.  Their  traditions  and  historical  affinities, 
so  far  as  they  reach,  will  generally  attest  the  truth  of  the  facts  denoted  by 
language.  In  our  future  policy,  they  should  be  removed  or  colonized  in 
reference  to  this  relationship,  and  foreign  groups  not  be  co-mingled  with 
the  cognate  tribes. 

The  true  object  of  investigating  the  languages,  is  thus  perceived,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  its  practical,  and  well  as  historical  importance,  will  be  ap- 
preciated in  ready  responses  from  persons  receiving  these  sheets. 

H.  R.  S, 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  CATAIDGUE 


OF 


BOOKS,  TRANSLATIONS  OF  THE  SCRIPTURES, 


AND  OTHER  PUBLICATIONS  IN  THE 


INDIAN    TONGUES 


OF    THE 


UNITED    STATES, 


WITH 


BRIEF     CRITICAL    NOTICES 


WASHINGTON: 

C,    ALEXANDER,   PRINTER. 
1849. 


SYNOPSIS. 

CHAPTER  I— Iroquois. 

Sec.  1.— Mohawk,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9. 

Sec.  2.— Oneida,  No.  10. 

Sec.  3.— Seneca,  Nos.  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16. 

CHAPTER  II— Algonquin. 

Sec.  1.— Chippewas,  Nos.  17,  18, 19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27, 
28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44. 
Sec.  2.— Ottowa,  Nos.  45,  46,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55. 
Sec.  3.— Pottawattomie,  Nos.  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62. 
Sec.  4. — Mohegan,  No.  63. 
Sec.  5. — Montagnais,  No.  64. 
Sec.  6. — Delawares,  Nos.  65,  ^^^  67. 
Sec.  7.— Shawnees,  Nos.  68,  69,  70. 
Sec.  8. — Abanakis,  No.  71. 

CHAPTER  III— Appalachian. 

Sec.  1.— Cherokee,  Nos,  72,  73,  74,  75,  76,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81, 
82,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,  88,  89,  90,  91,  92. 

Sec.  2.— Choctaw,  Nos.  93,  94, 95,  96,  97, 98,  99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 
104,  105,  106,  107,  108,  109,  110,  111,  112. 

Sec.  3.— Creek,  or  Muscogee,  Nos.  113,  114,  115,  116. 

CHAPTER  IV— Dacota. 

Sec.  1.— Sioux,  Nos.  117,  118,  119,  120,  121,  122,  123,  124,  125, 
126,  127,  128,  129,  130. 

Sec.  2.— Winnebago,  No.  131. 

Sec.  3.— Iowa,  Nos.  132,  133,  134,  135,  136. 

Sec.  4.— Otoe,  No.  137. 

Sec.  5.— Osage,  No.  138. 

CHAPTER  v.— Saptinic. 

Sec.  1. — Nez  Percie,  or  Sa-aptin,  No.  139. 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  CATALOGUE. 


CHAPTER  I. 
BOOKS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  SEVERAL  DIALECTS  OF  THE 

IROQUOIS. 

The  Iroquois  tribes  had  acquired  the  highest  reputation  in  war  and  di- 
plomacy, of  all  the  Indian  tribes  of  North  America.  At  the  time  of  the 
discovery,  they  were  in  the  ascendant,  and  were  rapidly  consolidating  their 
power  under  a  system  of  confederacy,  which  had  some  striking  traits  resem- 
bling our  own.  Their  language,  viewed  in  its  several  dialects,  was  not  so 
soft  and  flowing  as  that  of  their  former  rivals,  the  Algonquins  or  Adiron- 
dacks ;  but  impressed  the  listener  by  its  masculine  and  sonorous  tone.  I* 
imparted  a  beauty  to  their  geographical  terminology,  and  helped  to  spread 
the  fame  of  their  deeds  over  Europe. 

Translations  into  this  groupe  of  languages,  were  commenced  at  an  early 
period.  A  part  of  the  Service  of  the  English  Church  was  executed  under 
the  late  Bishop  Stewart  of  Canada,  during  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne. 
Sixteen  separate  works,  all  of  modern  date,  however,  have  been  received, 
of  which,  nine  are  in  the  Mohawk  dialect,  one  in  the  Oneida,  and  six  in 
the  Seneca.  Nothing  has  been  received  or  is  known  to  exist  in  the 
Onondaga,  Cayuga,  or  Tuscarora.  Ziesberger's  Dictionary  of  the  Onon- 
daga in  MSS.,  is  known  to  be  deposited  in  the  library  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society,  at  Philadelphia. 

a 

SECTION  I. — ^MOHAWK. 

No.  1. — Nene  Karighyoston,  Tsinihorighhoten  ne  Saint  John.  The 
Gospel  according  to  St,  John.  New  York:  D.  Fanshaw,  for  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Society.     1  voL  l8mo.  116  pages.     A.  D.  1818. 

In  this  early  version,  the  Greek  word  "  Logos,"  and  the  Hebrew 
"  Yehovah,"  are  engrafted  on  the  Mohawk  dialect.  The  version  is  at- 
tributed to  Norton,  a  Mohawk  Chief.  The  translation  is  accompanied 
with  the  parallel  English  passages. 

2. — Ne  Kaorihwadegenhti.  The  Gospel  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ  according  to  St.  Luke.  New  York:  McElrath,  Bangs  &  Herbert, 
for  the  Young  Men's  Bible  Society,  Methodist  Church.  1  vol.  109  pages, 
12mo.     A.  D.  1833. 

This  translation  is  by  A.  Hill ;  corrected  by  J.  A.  Wilkes,  Jr.,  Grand 
River,  C.  W.  This  translation,  like  the  preceding,  contains  the  English 
and  Mohawk  in  parallel  passages,  and  like  that,  is  thus  rendered  a  valu-. 
able  element  in  the  study  of  language* 


6 

3. — Ne  Ne  Jinihodiyeren.  The  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  in  the  Mohawk 
language.  New  York:  Howe  &  Bates,  for  the  Young  Men's  (Methodist) 
Auxiliary  Bible  Society.  1  vol.  12mo.  120  pages.  A.  D.  1835.  Trans- 
lated by  H.  A.  Hill,  with  corrections  by  William  Hess  and  John  A.  Wilkes, 
Jr.  It  is  accompanied  by  a  translation  of  the  Epistle  of  Paul  to  the 
Romans,  in  56  pages,  by  the  same  translator  and  revisors. 

4. — The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Mark.  New  York :  McElrath  &  Bangs, 
for  the  New  York  District  Bible  Society.  1  vol.  239  pages,  12mo.  A.  D. 
1829. 

Of  this  translation,  there  exist  earlier  copies.  It  is  from  the  pen  of  the 
noted  Chief,  Captain  Joseph  Brant,  called  Tarenyawagon,  by  his  people. 
He  employs  the  word  Niyoh,  for  the  Supreme  Being.  He  gives  the  Eng- 
lish and  Mohawk  in  opposite  pages.  The  volume  terminates  with  a  col- 
lection of  sentences  from  the  Scriptures,  which  are  designed  for  practical 
instruction.  These  are  curious  and  valuable  exemplifications  of  the  power 
of  the  two  languages.  In  point  of  brevity  and  conciseness,  the  English 
exceeds  the  Mohawk,  as  25  to  38,  (vide  p.  192,  et  seq.)  The  mind  of 
that  Chief  would  appear  to  have  been  well  indoctrinated  in  leading  Scrip- 
tural truths,  and  exhibits  no  little  power  of  appropriate  selection  in  these 
passages.  If  he  became  a  savage  in  battle,  and  exhibited  the  peculiar  sub- 
telty,  cruelty,  and  power  of  Indian  deception  while  on  the  war  path,  he 
had  the  power  to  sink  into  a  philosophic  calm,  in  his  study.  This  trans- 
lation is  indeed,  a  better  apology  for  the  alleged  cruelty  of  his  life,  than 
the  rather  labored  vindication  in  the  volumes  of  his  ardent  biographer,  the 
late  Colonel  W.  L.  Stone. 

5. — The  Epistle  of  Paul  to  the  Galatians,  in  the  Mohawk  language. 
New  York:  Howe  &  Bates,  for  the  Young  Men's  Bible  Society.  1  vol. 
18  double  pages,  12mo.,  with  the  Epistle  to  the  Ephesians,  18  double 
pages,  12mo.  A.  D.  1835.  Translated  by  H.  A.  Hill,  with  corrections 
by  William  Hess  and  J.  A.  Wilkes,  Jr. 

6. — The  Epistles  of  Paul,  in  Mohawk,  namely:  To  the  Phillipians, 
p.  17 ;  To  the  Collosians,  p.  16  ;  To  the  Thessalonians,  p.  22  ;  To  Tim- 
othy, p.  31  ;  To  Titus,  p.  11 ;  To  Philemon,  p.  7.  These  six  Epistles 
of  the  Apostle,  which  are  comprehended  in  104  12mo.  pages,  are  the  trans- 
lation of  William  Hess,  an  educated  Mohawk,  with  corrections  by  J.  A. 
Wilkes,  jun.  New  York :  Howe  &  Bates,  for  the  Young  Men's  auxiliary 
Bible  Society,  Method.  Epis.  Church,  A.  D.  1836. 

7. — Ne  Yeriwanontonthse  ne  ne  Wesleyan  Methodists.  Lynn,  Mass  : 
Newhall  &  Hathorne.     12  p.  l8mo.     A.  D.  1834. 

This  is  a  translation  of  the  Catechism  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodists,  pub- 
lished at  New  York  in  1836  by  Waugh  &  Mason,  at  the  Conference  Office, 
200  Mulberry  street. 

8. — Catechism  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodists,  for  children  of  tender  years. 
New  York:  Waugh  &  Mason.  16  p.  l8mo.  A.  D.  1836.  Compiled 
and  published  by  order  of  the  British  Conference. 

9. — A  collection  of  Hymns  for  the  use  of  Native  Christians,  in  the 
Mohawk  language.    New  York :  D.  Fanshaw.    A.  D.  1835.    147  p.  l8mo. 


r  SECTION  II. ONEIDA. 

10. — A  Prayer  Book,  comprising  the  morning  and  evening  service,  and 
other  forms  used  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  the  United  States. 
New  York  :  Swords,  Stanford  &  Co  :  D.  Fanshaw,  printer.  A.  D.  1837. 
i  vol.  l2mo.  168  pages. 

This  is  a  compilation  made  from  several  sources,  by  Rev.  Solomon 
Davis,  missionary  to  the  Oneidas,  at  Duck  Creek,  Wisconsin.  It  is  not 
without  some  inaccuracy  that  it  is  set  forth  as  being  in  the  language  of  the 
Six  Nations,  nor  can  it  be  strictly  asserted  to  be  in  the  Oneida  dialect, 
although  understood  by  that  nation.  The  vocabularies  that  have  been 
taken  denote  very  considerable  differences  in  the  languages  of  the  several 
Iroquois  cantons,  greater  indeed,  by  far,  than  might  have  been  expected, 
w^hen  it  is  known  that  these  tribes  understand  each  other.  The  question 
is  one,  rather  of  philology,  than  practical  teaching,  which  we  are  informed 
is  sufficiently  well  advanced  by  the  present  work.  It  is  here  arranged  un- 
der the  head  of  the  Oneida  dialect,  from  the  known  fact  that  Mr.  Davis 
labors,  and  has  long  labored  with  that  people,  and  the  observed  prevalence 
of  the  Oneida  dialect,  in  portions  of  the  work. 

SECTION  III. SENECA. 

11. — Diahsawahgwah  Gayadoshah — Reading  lessons.  Boston:  Crock- 
er &  Brewster.     1  vol.  42  p.  8vo.     A.  D.  1836. 

The  clear  and  neat  type  and  white  paper  of  this  little  volume,  and  the 
exact  system  of  notation  in  w^hich  the  Seneca  tongue  appears,  denote  the 
careful  labors,  in  this  branch,  of  Rev.  A.  Wright,  who  has  been  for  many 
years  a  missionary  of  the  American  Board  at  the  Buffalo  Reservation,  in 
Western  New  York.  There  is  a  vocabulary  of  16  pages,  of  concrete 
terms  and  conversational  forms,  at  its  close,  which  adds  to  its  practical 
and  philosophical  value. 

12. — Ne  laguhnigoagesgwathah — The  mental  Elevator.  Nos.  11,  12, 
13,  14,  8  pages  each.  Cattaraugus  Reservation,  Mission  Press.  A.  D. 
1846.     32  p. 

13.— The  Mental  Elevator,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11,  12, 
13,  14.     8  pages  8vo.  each. 

This  miscellany,  being  the  first  and  only  thing  of  the  kind,  which  has, 
so  far  as  is  known,  ever  been  attempted  in  a  native  tongue  in  America, 
was  commenced  by  the  Rev.  A.  Wright,  missionary  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F. 
Missions  among  the  Senecas  of  Western  New  York,  at  Buffalo  Reserva- 
tion, Nov.  30th,  1841,  and  continued,  after  the  removal  of  the  Band  to 
Cattaraugus,  in  the  same  State,  to  the  31st  December,  1846,  which  is  the 
last  number  received.  It  embraces  in  112  closely-printed  pages,  an 
amount  of  useful  and  instructive  matter,  which  must  be  invaluable  to  those 
of  the  Senecas  who  can  read.  Besides  biblical  reading,  and  pieces  of 
moral  instruction,  it  embraces  some  matters  relating  to  their  government 
and  business,  obituary  notices,  statistics,  &c.  It  appeals  from  it  that  the 
total  population  of  all  the  Senecas  of  New  Yoik,  in  1845,  was  2,630;  in 


s 

1846,  2,720,  denoting  an  increase  of  births  over  deaths  in  one  year  of  90 
souls. 

14. — The  Gospel  according  to  St.  Luke,  translated  into  the  Seneca 
tongue.  By  T.  S.  Harris.  New  York :  Printed  for  the  American  Bible 
Society,  D.  Fanshaw.     A.  D.  1829.     1  vol.  l8mo.  149  pages. 

15. — Gaa  nah  shoh  ne  Deowaahsaonyohgwah  Na  wen  ni  yuh.  Hymns 
in  the  Seneca.  Dosyowa,  (Buffalo  Creek,)  Mission  Press.  1  vol.  136 
pages,  l8mo.  A.  D.  1843.  This  translation  is  prefaced  with  Mr. Wright's- 
system  of  writing  the  Seneca,  and  terminates  with  a  descriptive  index. 

16. — Sheet  Ordinances,  Seneca  Chiefs,  4th  December,  1847. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Books  and  translations  in  the  various  dialects  of  the 

ALGONQUIN. 

Of  all  the  groupes  of  the  Indian  language  in  America,  the  various  dia- 
lects of  this  stock  have  furnished  the  most  inviting  and  best  cultivated  field 
for  the  translator  and  philologist.  The  French,  during  their  early  and  long 
occupancy  of  the  Canadas,  gave  great  prominence  to  the  various  tribes 
speaking  dialects  of  this  groupe.  In  proportion  as  the  principles  of  the 
languages  have  been  investigated,  the  circle  of  the  affinities  of  the  Algon- 
quins  has  been  found  to  be  extended  wider  and  wider.  It  is  to  be  traced 
from  the  ancient  Powhatanic  tribes  of  Virginia,  northward  and  eastward 
along  the  Atlantic  coast  to,  and  beyond  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  reaching 
to,  and  beyond  the  utmost  limits  of  this  stream  at  the  source  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  descending  its  eastern  or  left  bank  to  the  junction  of  the 
Ohio,  and  thence  to  the  Atlantic.  From  this  great  circle  of  occupation, 
embracing  the  present  area  of  sixteen  of  the  States,  the  several  branches  of 
the  Iroquois,  embracing  the  Wyandot  and  the  Winnebago  dialect  of  the 
Dacota,  are  the  only  exceptions  of  modern  "date. 

In  the  investigation  of  the  dialects  of  this  important  groupe,  fifty-five 
printed  works  have  been  received,  of  which,  twenty-eight  are  in  theOdjib- 
wa  or  Chippewa  dialect,  ten  in  the  Ottawa,  seven  in  the  Pottowattomie, 
one  in  the  Mohegan,  one  in  the  Montagnais,  three  in  the  Delaware,  three 
in  the  Shawanoe,  and  one  in  the  Abenaki.  More  than  three-fourths  of 
the  whole  number  of  the  numerous  tribes  of  this  stock,  are  thus  far,  unre- 
presented by  translations  of  the  Scriptures  ;  a  species  of  evidence  of  the 
affiinity  of  tribes  which,  as  it  is  founded  upon  a  fixed  and  accurately  di- 
vided standard,  affords  one  of  the  best  general  means  of  comparison.  It 
is  desirable,  therefore,  to  collect  all  that  has  been,  or  may  be  done  in  this 
branch  of  literature,  not  only  respecting  the  Algonquin  groupes,  but  also 
in  relation  to  each  of  the  other  groupes  of  our  Aboriginal  languages. 

SECTION  I. CHIPPEWA,    OR  ODJIBWA. 

17. — The  Gospel  of  John,  in  Chippewa.  1  vol  12mo.  280  pages. 
London  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  A.  D.  1831. 

In  point  of  mechanical  execution,  and  binding,  this  work  is  by  far 
the  best  volume  of  Indian  translation,  which  has  been  sent  among 
the  Sons  of  the  Forest.  It  is  the  well-known  translation  of  the 
brothers  John  and  Peter  Jones,  of  the  River  Credit,  Canada  West, 
which  has  been  extensively  used  by  our  missionaries  in  the  United 
States,  as  well  as  the  Canada  Societies,  and  has  the  concurrence  of  various 
denominations,  as  being  a  faithful  version.  It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  while 
learned  philologists  are  discussing  the  actual  use,  by  the  Indians,  and  ex- 
istence in  the  language,  of  the  substantive  verb,  To  Be,  the  native  mis- 


10 

sionaries  should  be  in  the  constant  use  of  various  forms  of  the  Chippewa 
verb,  I  Au,  alleged  to  be  found  among  the  Chippewas  of  Sault  Ste  Marie, 
in  1822,  to  denote,  as  is  done  in  this  volume,  the  various  senses  of  '■'  is," 
*'  was,"  &c.     The  orthography  of  this  word  as  here  given,  as  "  Ahyah." 

18. — The  First  Book  of  Genesis.  1  vol.  12mo.  178  pages.  Toronto: 
A.  D.  1835. 

This  volume  is  printed  by  the  Auxiliary  Bible  Society  of  Canada,  at  the 
office  of  the  Christian  Guardian.  J.  H.  Laurence,  Printer.  It  is  the  work 
of  Rev.  Peter  Jones,  the  native  missionary,  and  is  deemed  by  missionaries 
and  teachers,  who  have  devoted  their  attention  to  the  language,  an 
authentic  rendering  of  the  entire  fifty  chapters  of  the  original.  There 
is  no  attempt  to  exhibit  a  plan  of  orthography,  or  to  employ  the  En- 
glish alphabet  in  a  more  fixed  form  than  is  known  to  common  writers 
and  speakers.  As  the  influence  of  the  juxtaposition  of  consonants  to 
vowels,  and  their  modifications  from  such  contact,  are  well  known,  there  is 
little  or  no  difficulty  in  arriving  readily  at  the  sounds  intended  by  the  trans- 
lator to  be  conveyed.  The  idiom  of  the  Mississagie  form  of  the  Chippe- 
wa, which  is  employed  throughout  this  translation,  is  perceptibly  different 
from  the  more  rigid  and  tense  form  of  the  vowel  sounds,  as  heard  in  the  region 
of  Lake  Superior;  but  the  language  is  literally  the  same,  and  well  under- 
stood by  these  northern  bands.  "  Munedoo,"  the  term  for  God,  instead 
of  Monedo,  the  northern  form  of  it,  and  other  analogous  words,  present 
no  difficulty  to  a  northern  ear  or  eye ;  for  whatever  indeed  be  the  form  of 
orthography  used,  the  native  reader  will  retain  the  mother  sound  of  the 
word,  and  attach  precisely  such  value  to  the  syllables  actually  used  in  any 
given  translation,  as  shall  bring  out  the  entire  and  complete  sound  as  known 
to  him  from  childhood. 

19. — The  Gospel  according  to  Matthew,  in  Chippewa.  1  vol. 
l2mo.ll2p.   Boston:  Crocker&Brewster,A.B.C.F.Missions.  A.D.1839. 

This  is  substantially  a  re-publication  of  the  Gospel  of  Matthew,  which 
originally  appeared  at  York,  now  Toronto,  Canada  West,  under  the  auspi- 
ces of  the  Canada  Auxiliary  Bible  Society.  It  is  understood  to  have  been 
the  work  of  the  brothers  Jones.  In  this  re-publication,  the  orthography 
has  been  adjusted  to  the  system  prepared  by  the  late  Mr.  Pickering,  with 
a  few  modifications,  rendering  it  in  all  respects,  conformable  to  the  sys- 
tem uniformily  adopted  in  the  publications  of  the  American  Board. 

20. — The  Gospel  of  Luke,  in  Chippewa.  1  vol.  12mo.  Boston: 
Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  Am.  Bd.  Com.  for  For.  Missions,  A.  D.  1837. 

This  translation  is  the  joint  production  of  George  Copway,  a  converted 
and  educated  Chippewa,  of  the  Mississagie  tribe,  of  Canada  West,  and 
Rev.  Sherman  Hall,  of  the  Lapointe  Mission,  Lake  Superior. 

21. — The  Gospel  of  John,  in  Chippewa.  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  83.  Bos- 
ton: Crocker  and  Brewster.  Printed  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  A.  D. 
1838. 

This  is  the  version  of  John  and  Peter  Jones,  No.  22,  adapted  to  the 
orthography  of  the  American  Board. 

22. — The  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  1  vol.  12mo.  105  p.  Boston : 
Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions.     A*  D.  1838. 


It 

These  sheets  emanate  from  the  Lapointe  Mission,  Lake  Superior, 
which  is  under  the  superintendence  and  management  of  Rev.  Sherman 
Hall,  and  is  the  joint  production  of  that  Missionary  and  Mr.  George  Cop- 
way  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Mission  of  Canada. 

23. — Picture  Defining  and  Reading  Book.  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  123, 
Boston  :   Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions.     A.  D.  1835. 

Here  is  a  translation  of  Mr.  Gallaudet's  popular  "Definer,"  with  illus- 
trations, in  the  Chippewa,  which  exhibits  the  pictorial  mode  of  teaching, 
in  a  successful  manner.  The  arts  of  design  may  certainly  be  employed,  to 
a  great  extent,  in  elementary  teaching  to  the  natives.  There  is  no  indi- 
cation of  the  translator's  name,  or  the  field  of  his  labors,  which  latter  is 
only  known  to  be  in  the  great  missionary  area  of  the  Chippewas  of  the 
Northwest. 

24. — Geography  FOR  Beginners.  Abinoji  Aki  Tibajimouin;  literal- 
ly, News,  or  Information  of  the  Earth,  for  children  or  youth.  1  vol.  12mo, 
p.  139.     Boston :    Crocker  &  Brewster,  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 

This  volume  has  all  the  attraction  of  news  and  novelty  for  the  natives,  giv- 
ing information  about  people  and  countries,  manners  and  customs,  which 
were  before  totally  unknown  to  them.  It  is  taken  chiefly  from  the  Peter 
Parley  series.  The  system  of  orthography  is  precisely  that  employed  in  No. 
24,  which  varies,  in  some  respects,  from  the  system  of  the  A.  Board,  and  is  to 
be  regarded  as  an  attempt  of  the  translator,  whose  name  is  not  given,  to  amend 
it.  The  forms  of  Chippewa  substantives  ending  in  ngk^  are^  provided  for 
by  a  dash  under  the  final  vowels,  thus  ^  i.  JL  ^  !i-  As  this  ngk^  or  ng, 
the  g  full,  is  both  the  participial  form  of  the  verb,  and  the  ablative  or  pre- 
positional form  of  the  noun,  denoting,  in  the  latter  cases,  on,  in,  or  at, 
agreeably  to  its  antecedent,  the  abbreviation  requires  to  be  carefully  no- 
ticed. At  page  88,  at  the  foot  of  a  wood  cut  giving  the  mode  of  travel- 
ling on  sleds  drawn  by  dogs,  in  Siberia  in  the  winter,  if  the  vowel  i  in  the 
word  "peboin,"  signifying  winter,  should  not  be  put  in  its  full  preposi- 
tional form  in  ing^  or  the  vowel  dashed  according  to  the  translator's  system, 
the  word  Siberia  should  certainly  have  its  local  ending  in  ng  or  ngk ;  other- 
wise the  reading  of  Bemadiz  i  peboin  ima  Siberia,  is  literally.  In  travel- 
ling— winter — there^  (or  that  place) — Siberia;  and  not,  as  the  language 
permits — Travelling  in  winter,  there  (or  that  place,)  in  Siberia. 

25. — -A  Chippewa  Primer.  1  vol.  12mo.  84  p.  Printed  for  the  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  New  York:  John 
Westall,  29  Ann  street,  A.  D.  1844.  Compiled  by  the  Rev.  Peter 
Dougherty.     1st  and  2d  editions. 

Under  the  simple  name  of  "Primer"  this  little  work  is  one  of  much 
value  to  the  philologist,  as  well  as  being  adapted  to  promote  the  advance 
of  the  pupil.  The  Key  to  the  spelling  of  the  "  Indian,"  prefixed  to  it,  is 
more  conformed  to  the  ordinary  standard  of  English  orthcepy,  than  is  prac- 
tised by  the  American  Board,  the  vowels  retaining,  under  limitations,  their 
natural  English  sound. 

26. — The  First  Initiatory  Catechism,  with  the  Ten  Commandments  and 
Lord's  Prayer ;  by  James  Gall,  translated  into  the  Ojibwa  language  by 


12 

Rev.  Peter  Dougherty  and  D.  Rodd.  Printed  for  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  1  voh  12mo.  p.  69.  New  York  ; 
John  Westall,  11  Spruce  street,  A.  D.  1847. 

This  translation  exhibits  the  parallel  passages  of  English  and  Indian. 

27. — Ojibwa  Spelling  Book,  designed  for  the  use  of  Native  learners. 
Printed  for  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions, 
by  Crocker  &  Brewster,  Boston.     1  vol.  12mo.  127  p.,  A.  D.  1835,  2d  Ed. 

This  elementary  work  contains  a  "Key  to  the  Alphabet,"  which  is 
adopted,  essentially,  from  the  system  of  Mr.  Pickering. 

28. — Omajibiigeuinun  au  John,  or  The  Epistles  of  John  in  the  Ojibwa 
language.  Translated  and  printed  for  the  American  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners for  Foreign  Missions.  Boston :  Crocker  &  Brewster.  1  vol. 
12mo.  p.  130,  A.  D.  1840. 

29. — Short  Reading  Lessons  in  the  Ojibwa  language.  Translated  by 
Rev.  P.  Dougherty,  and  printed  for  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  New  York :  John  Westall  &  Co.,  14  Spruce  street, 
A.  D.  1847. 

The  parallel  passages  in  English  and  Indian  are  preserved,  thus  making 
it  an  element  for  the  study  of  American  philology. 

30. — Easy  Lessons  of  Scripture  History  in  the  Ojibwa  language. 
Translated  by  Rev.  P.  Dougherty  and  D.  Rodd.  Printed  for  the  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  New  York  :  John  West- 
all  &  Co.,  A.  D.  1847. 

31. — The  Chippewa  Primer ;  compiled  by  Rev.  P.  Dougherty.  Printed 
for  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  2d  edi- 
tion enlarged.  New  York:  John  Westall  &  Co.,  printers,  14  Spruce 
street,  A.  D.  1847,  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  123. 

This  appears  to  be  a  judicious  compilation,  and  evinces  much  famili- 
arity with  the  modes  of  thought  and  expression  used  by  the  aborigines. 
The  introduction  of  the  word  "  holy"  in  the  Chippewa  term  of  "  Mah- 
no-tah-ho-ly-wun,  ke  te  zhe  no  ka  zo  win"  (hallowed  be  thy  name,) 
is  a  peculiarity  of  the  version  of  the  Lord's  Prayer,  here  introduced, 
and  while  the  object  is  appreciated,  the  propriety  of  the  mode  of  attaining 
it  may  be  doubted.  There  are  some  Ottowa  idioms  which  would  offer  an 
objection  to  the  work  in  high  northern  latitudes.  The  names  of  the  months 
and  days  at  page  120,  must  be  deemed  as  quite  local.  It  seems  desirable 
to  make  the  record  of  this  language  as  general  and  comprehensive  as  pos- 
sible, in  all  translations,  and  not  to  belittle  its  phraseology  unnecessarily, 
with  localisms. 

32. — The  Morning  and  Evening  Prayer  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church,  in  the  United  States  of  America;  together  with  a  selection  of 
hymns.  Printed  for  the  diocese  of  Michigan.  Detroit :  Geiger  &  Chris- 
tian.    A.  D.  1844.     1  vol.  p.  59. 

In  this  work,  the  translator,  Mr.  George  Johnston,  of  Sault  Ste  Marie, 
has  used  the  English  alphabet  in  its  ordinary  and  natural  manner,  as  known 
to  English  readers.  It  embraces  besides  the  daily  morning  and  evening 
services,  the  commandants,  and  a  selection  of  hymns,  and  is  used  at  the 
Griswold  Mission  in  Western  Michigan. 


f3 

33. — Nugamouinun  Genungumouat  Ijiu  Anishinabeg  Anumiajig. — 
[Songs  to  be  sung  by  praying  Indians.]  Printed  for  the  American  Board 
of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  by  Crocker  &  Brewster.  Boston: 
1  vol.  12mo.  p.  52.     A.  D.  1835. 

This  is  a  re-print  of  some  of  the  approved  hymns  translated  by  Peter 
JoneSj  altering  the  orthography  so  as  to  conform  to  the  American  Board's 
system. 

34. — Kizhemanito  Muziniegun  Tezhiwindumingin,  &c.,  or  Old  Testa» 
ment  Bible  Stories.  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  72.  Boston:  Crocker  &  Brewster. 
Printed  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     A.  D.  1835. 

A  compilation  of  Scripture,  containing  the  sacred  story  of  the  Creation, 
the  death  of  Abel,  the  Deluge,  the  Ark,  the  building  of  Babel,  the  calling 
of  Abraham,  Destruction  of  Sodom,  Daniel  in  the  lion's  den,  and  the  story 
of  Joseph  in  full.  Some  lessons  in  natural  history,  are  added,  and  the 
"whole  illustrated  with  wood  cuts. 

35. — Ozageidiwin  au  Jesus.  The  Love  of  Jesus.  Boston:  Crocker 
&  Brewster.     Printed  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions.     A.  D.  1840. 

This  tract,  comprised  in  21  pages,  relates  in  the  Chippewa  tongue,  the 
story  of  the  advent  and  vicarious  sufferings  and  atonement  of  Jesus,  and 
is  precisely  such  an  element  of  christian  knowledge,  as  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  teacher  in  the  wilderness. 

36. — The  First  Initiatory  Catechism,  by  James  Gall,  with  the  Ten 
Commandants  and  Lord's  Prayer,  by  Rev.  Peter  Dougherty.  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  New  York:  John  Westall. 
A.  D.  1844. 

A  considerable  amount  of  Scripture  knowledge  is  here  put  in  the  shape 
of  questions  and  answers,  in  24  pages.  This  form  is  well  adapted  to  the 
instruction  of  the  Indian  mind,  from  the  clearness  and  simplicity  which  it 
may  be  made  to  assume.  In  the  version  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  in  this 
school  tract,  the  term  "  Gwatah-me-quan-dah.gwud,"  is  employed  to  ex- 
press "  hallowed,"  in  its  aboriginal  form,  and  without  the  introduction  of 
"ho-ly,"  to  which  we  alluded  in  the  notice  of  No.  31.  This  publication 
is,  however,  three  years  older  than  the  Chippewa  Primer,  the  latter  being 
of  the  date  of  1847,  and  the  former,  of  1844;  and  the  suggestion,  like  that 
of  the  use  of  the  word  "  God,"  in  the  version  of  the  Bible  by  John  Eliot, 
may  be  considered  as  the  result  of  more  knowledge,  or  at  least,  bold- 
ness in  the  use  of  the  language. 

37. — Ojibue  Spelling  Book.  Third  edition.  Boston :  Crocker  &  Brews- 
ter, for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions.  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  96.     A.  D.  1846. 

This  publication  is  well  adapted  to  fconvey  instruction  to  the  Indian 
mind,  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects  in  common  life.  As  a  vocabulary  of 
terms  and  phrases  in  daily  use,  it  reveals  a  list  of  equivalents  for  names 
and  things. 

38. — The  Ten  Commandments. 

This  is  a  broad  sheet  without  imprint,  but  was  transmitted  with  other 
translations,  August  11th,  1847,  by  Walter  Lowry,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United 
States,  at  New  York. 


14 

39. — The  New  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  trans- 
lated into  the  language  of  the  Ojibua  Indians.  Otashki-Kikindiuin  au 
Kitogimaminan  gaie  Bemajiinung  Jeeuskrist:  ema  Ojibue  Inueuuning 
Giezhtong.  New  York  American  Bible  Society,  A.  D.  1844.  1  vol. 
12mo.  643  pages. 

This  is  a  work  of  great  labor  and  importance.  It  would  have  added 
much  to  the  interest  with  which  it  is  regarded  as  a  missionary  triumph, 
if  some  brief  account  had  been  prefixed  to  it,  showing  the  various  laborers 
who  have  taken  part  in  it,  and  the  difficulties  which  have  been  surmount- 
ed in  transfering  the  more  recondite  and  spiritual  portions  of  the  Epistles 
and  other  passages,  into  a  tongue  which  has  heretofore  been  employed 
only  to  call  on  fictitious  Deities,  or  to  express  objects  and  ideas,  the  far- 
thest removed  possible  from  holiness. 

40. — lu  Pitabun  gema  gau  Okikinoamaguz  iuiniua  igiu  abinojiug. 
The  Peep  of  Day,  or  a  series  of  the  earliest  Religious  Instruction  the  infant 
mind  is  capable  of  receiving.  Boston :  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  T.  R.  Marvin. 
A.  D.  1844.     1  vol.  12mo.  p.  144. 

41. — Ojibue  Nugumouinun  geaiouajin  ijiu  anishinabeg  enumi  iajig, 
(Chippewa  Songs  for  Christian  Indians.)  Boston:  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  212. 
A.  D.  1844. 

A  judicious  compilation  of  the  Hymns  of  Peter  Jones  and  other  native 
teachers,  presented  in  the  orthography  of  the  American  Board. 

42. — Ojebway  Nuhguhmonun.  New  York :  Published  by  Lane  &  Tip- 
pett,  for  the  Missionary  Society  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  200  Mulberry  street. 
A.  D.  1847.     1  vol.  l8mo.  289  pages. 

This  re-print  of  the  translations  of  approved  hymns  by  Peter  Jones,  has 
some  additions,  translated  by  Rev.  James  Evans  and  George  Henry. 

43. — Pnncipes  de  la  Langue  des  Sauvages  jippeles  Sauteux.  Quebec  : 
de'  P  imprimerie  de  Frechette  and  cie.  1  vol.  12mo.  146  pages.  A.  D. 
1839. 

This  is  a  Grammar  of  the  Chippewa  language,  composed  by  the  Rev. 
G.  A.  Belcourt,  a  Catholic  missionary,  at  Red  River  of  the  North,  whose 
object,  as  it  is  expressed  by  Bishop  Archer,  in  the  enclosure  of  his  letter 
of  the  8th  May,  1848,  was  "  to  facilitate  the  study  of  the  Sauteux  lan- 
guage," an  end,  which  it  is  conceived,  he  has  accomplished  in  a  manner 
useful  to  missionaries  and  teachers,  and  creditable  to  himself. 

44. — Anamihe-masinahigan.  Kebekong,  (Quebec.)  1  vol.  I8mo.209 
pages.     A.  D.  1839. 

This  is  a  translation  into  the  Sauteux  or  Chippewa  language,  of  certain 
essential  parts  of  the  services,  prayers,  and  hymns  of  the  Catholic  Church, 
by  the  Rev.  G.  A.  Belcourt,  of  Red  River,  Hudson's  Bay  Territory.  It 
embraces — 1.  Customary  prayers  of  the  morning  service,  to  page  17.  2. 
The  Catechism  for  children,  used  in  the  diocese  of  Quebec,  to  page  106. 

3.  Prayers  of  the  Mass,  Confession,  and  the  Communion,  to  page  131. 

4.  Hymns  and  chaunts  in  use  in  the  Quebec  diocese. 

SECTION   II. OTTAWA. 

45. — Ottawa  Prayer  Book ;  Ottawa  Anamie  Misinaigan.     Detroit :   1 


vol  l8mo.  p.  293.  A.  D.  1842.  Printed  by  Eugene  T.  Smith,  for  the 
Catholic  Church. 

A  translation  of  prayers,  prepared  by  the  Rev.  Frederick  Baraga. 

46. — Katolik  Anamie  Misinaigan.  Third  edition  of  the  preceding,  cor- 
rected and  augmented.     Detroit:  A.  D.  1846. 

47. — Ottawa  Anamie  Misinaigan.  First  edition  of  this  work  printed  at 
Detroit,  A.  D.  1832,  by  George  L.  Whitney. 

48. — The  New  Testament,  in  the  Ottawa  language.  Shawnee  Baptist 
Mission  Press.  John  G.  Pratt,  printer.  A.  D.  1841.  Translated  by 
Jonathan  Meeker,  and  revised  and  compared  with  the  Greek,  by  Rev. 
Francis  Barker,  A.  M.     1  vol.  12mo.  pages  125  and  98. 

This  translation  comprises  but  the  Gospels  of  Matthew  and  John. 

49. — Original  and  Select  Hymns,  in  the  Ottawa  language,  by  Jonathan 
Meeker.  Press  of  the  American  Baptist  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. 
Shawnee,  Ind.  Ter.     1  vol.  l8mo.  96  pages.     A.  D.  1845. 

50. — Ottawa  First  Book.  Prepared  by  Jonathan  Meeker.  J.  G.  Pratt, 
printer,  Shawnee  Mission.     A.  D.  1838.     24  pages,  l8mo. 

51. — Jesus  Odijetawin.     JYb  imprint.     85  pages. 

This  is  transmitted  from  the  Rev.  F.  G.  Bondwel,  at  Lake  Puckaway,  in 
the  Menomonee  country,  on  Fox  River,  Wisconsin.  It  is  a  Catechism 
which  is  given  to  Indian  children  attending  school. 

52. — Jesus  Obimadisuoin  Ajonda  Aking.  The  Life  of  Jesus  while  on 
earth.     Paris,  (France:)  A.  D.  1837.     1  vol.  12mo.  p.  211. 

This  is  a  compilation  and  translation,  by  Mr.  Baraga,  and  has  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Catholic  Bishop  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  (Frederick  Rese.) 

53, — ^Anichinabek  Amisinahikaniwa.  The  Indian  Book.  Detroit: 
Printed  by  George  L.  Whitney.     A.  D.  1830.     1  vol.  18mo.  p.  106. 

There  is  a  vocabulary  of  40  w^ords,  in  French  and  Ottawa,  at  pages  104, 
105.     It  bears  the  name  of  Dejean,  missionary. 

54. — Abinodjuag  Omasindiganiwan.  Buffalo  :  Press  of  Oliver  G.  Steel. 
A.  D.  1837. 

This  pamphlet  of  8  pages,  8mo.,  was  transmitted  by  Rev.  F.  J.  Van 
Den  Broek,  1838.  It  embraces  the  usual  matter  of  first  lessons  for  chil- 
dren. It  appears  from  a  note  at  the  end,  to  have  been  intended  as  pre- 
paratory to  the  reading  of  the  Jesus  Obimadisiwin,  No.  52. 

55.— Child's  Book.  Detroit :  Bagg  &  Harmon,  A.  D.  1845,  8  pages, 
l8mo. 

It  contains  the  same  elementary  matter  exactly  as  No.  54,  compressed 
in  a  smaller  type  and  page,  with  two  additional  reading  articles.  In  other 
respects  it  is  a  reprint  of  the  Buffalo  Amisinaigon  ewan. 

SECTION  III. —  POTTAWATTOMIE. 

56. — The  Gospel  according  to  Matthew,  and  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles. 
Louisville,  (Ky.)  William  C.  Buck,  printer.     1  vol.  12mo.  p.  240. 

This  translation  is  by  Jonathan  Lykins-  It  is  printed  in  the  consonan- 
tal system  of  notation,  which  has  been  prepared  by  Mr.  Meeker. 

57. — Potewatemi  Nememissinoikan.     A.  M.  D.  G.,  Saint  Louis.     1 


16 

vol.  12mo.  62  pages.  W.  J.  Mullin,  printer.  A.  D.  1844.  A  Potta- 
wattomie  Prayer  Book. 

58. — Potawatome  Nkumwinin.  Shawnee  Baptist  Mission.  J.  Meeker, 
printer.     A.  D.  1835.     1  vol.  84  pages,  small  8vo. 

59. — Potewatome  Missinoikan  Catechisme.  Pottawattomie  Book  of 
Catechism.  Cincinnati:  Stereotyped  by  Monfort  &  Conahans,  for  the 
Catholic  Church.     JVb  date.     (Received  23d  December,  1844.) 

60. — Potewatemi  Nememissinoikun,  Baltimore:  John  Murphy,  for  the 
Catholic  Church.     A.  D.  1848.     1  vol.  12mo.  p.  160. 

61. — Pottawattomie  Spelling  Book.  Shawnee  Mission.  J.  Meeker, 
printer.     A.  D.  1834,  32  pages,  12mo. 

62. — Pewani  Ipi  Potewatemi  Missinoikan.  Catholic  Elementary  Book 
for  Pottawattomies.     Baltimore  :  John  Murphy.     A.  D.  1846. 

SECTION    IV. MOHEGAN, 

BOOKS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  MOHEGAN,  MOHAEKANUC,  OR 
STOCKBRIDGE  LANGUAGE. 

63. — The  Assembly's  Shorter  Catechism.  1  vol.  l8mo.  34  pages.  JYb 
imprint  or  date. 

This  is  one  of  the  earliest  translations  made  into  our  Indian  languages, 
and  is  understood  to  have  been  done  prior  to  the  American  Revolution, 
while  this  tribe  dwelt  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River. 
It  has  the  following  endorsement :  "  This  translation  was  made  by  John 
Quinney  and  Capt.  Hendrick,  who  received  his  (their)  commission  from 
General  Washington.  Little  else  has  ever  been  translated  into  the  Stock- 
bridge  language  besides  this."  The  name  of  the  tribes  is  written  on  the 
cover,  "  Muh  hee  kun  ne  ew,"  being  the  plural  of  (to  preserve  the  orthog- 
raphy of  the  endorsement,)  "  Muh  hee  kun,"  denoting  Mohegan  people. 
It  is  a  well  characterized  dialect  of  the  sub-groupe  of  the  Eastern  Algon- 
quin s. 

SECTION  V. MONTAGNAIS,  OR  MOUNTAINEERS.  i 

BOOKS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  MONTAGNAIS. 

[This  people  occupy  the  country  on  the  head-waters  of  the  River  Sag- 
uenay,  on  the  north  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  below  Quebec,  reaching 
to  the  Labrador  coast.  They  are  a  part  of  the  great  Algonquin  family  so 
celebrated  in  the  history  of  Canada.] 

64. — Aiamieu  Kukuetshimitun  Missinaigan.  Prayer  and  Question 
(Catechism)  Book.     Quebec :   53  pages,  12mo.     A.  D.  1848. 

This  work  is  published  with  the  approbation  of  the  Bishop  of  Quebec, 
in  the  dialect  of  the  Montagnais.  *'  Ella  est  un  des  debris,"  observes  the 
Bishop,  in  a  note  transmitting  it,  "  ainsi  que  cette  des  Sauteux,  de  la  grande 
nation  du  Algonquins,  si  celebre  dans  Phistoire  du  Canada."  The  dialect 
differs  but  little  from  the  forms  of  words  now  used  by  the  nations  of  this 
stock  in  the  north-western  quarters  of  the  United  States.  The  use  of  the 
letter  1,  for  the  sound  of  n,  as  heard  with  our  tribes,  marks  the  chief  pecu- 
liarity in  sound. 


17 


SECTION  VI. DELAWARE. 


BOOKS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  DELAWARE,  OR  LENNO-LEANPl 

LANGUAGE. 

65. — The  History  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  Shawanoe 
Baptist  Mission.     J.  Meeker.     A.  D.  1837.     1  vol.  12mo.  221  pages. 

This  is  a  version  from  the  Delaware,  of  Rev.  David  Zeisberger's  com- 
pend  of  the  Four  Gospels,  published  in  1806.  It  is  an  attempt  to  express  the 
Indian  sounds  by  a  consonantal  system  of  notation  peculiar  to  Mr.  Meeker. 

66. — Lenapie  Wawipoetakse  ave  Apwatuk.  First  Lessons  in  the 
Delaware.  J.  Meeker.  Baptist  Shawanoe  Mission.  1  vol.  iSmo.  48 
pages.     A.  D.  1834. 

67. — Lenapee  Spelling  Book.  Shawnee  Mission.  J.  Meeker,  for  the 
Baptist  Society.     A.  D.  1834.     24  pages,  l8mo. 

SECTION  VII. SHAWANOE. 

68. — The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew.  Shawnoe  Baptist  Mission,  Ind. 
Ter.  J.  Meeker,  printer.  A.  D.  1836.  1  vol.  l8mo.  p.  64,  with  16 
pages  of  hymns  added,  by  Johnston  Lykins. 

This  translation  has  been  compared  with  the  Greek  text,  by  J.  A. 
Chute,  M.  D.  ' 

69. — Shawnee  Speller  and  Reader.  Siwinowe  Eawekitake.  By  John- 
ston Lykins.  Shawanoe  Mission.  J.  Meeker,  printer.  A.  D.  1834.  1 
vol.  18mo.  54  pages. 

This  is  executed  in  the  Meekerian  system  of  notation.  "  The  conso- 
nants are  not  pronounced  aloud,  but  have  precisely  the  same  sound  as  in 
reading  English." — Editor.  The  word  *^  Siwinowe,"  the  equivalent  for 
"  Shawnoe,"  may  serve  as  an  example  of  the  two  systems.  It  has  not 
perhaps,  occurred  to  the  author,  that  when  the  new  system  has  been 
learned  by  the  pupils,  there  will  be  no  other  books  to  be  read  in  it, 
except  those  which  he  or  othi?rs  may  publish,  in  accordance  with  this 
very  artificial  and  unpronounceable  key  ;  and  that  to  the  learner,  the  whole 
body  of  English  instruction,  science  and  learning  must  be  a  dead  letter. 

70. — Pratt's  edition  of  the  preceding.     A.  D.  1838.     24  pages. 

This  is  a  summary  or  condensed  form  of  Mr.  Lykins'  First  Spelling 
Book.     Both  are  printed  in  the  consonantal  system. 

SECTION  VIII. ABANAKIS. 

71 . — Kagakimzouiasis  Weje  Wo'  banakiah.  Catechism  in  the  Abanaki 
languao-e.  Quebec :  Frechette  &  Co.,  for  the  Catholic  Church.  1  vol. 
44  pages,  12mo.     A.  D.  1832. 

A  translation  of  the  Christian  Catechism  of  the  diocese  of  Quebec,^ 
into  the  language  of  the  Abanakis,  who  are  seated  at  the  village  of  St. 
Francis,  in  the  district  of  Three  Rivers.  The  Abanaki  nation  inhabit  a 
wide  district  of  country  situated  on  the  south  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
between  the  St.  John's  of  New  Brunswick,  and  the  River  Richlieu, 
Canada. 

2 


CHAPTER  III.— APPALLACHIAN. 

This  groupe  is  established,  provisionally,  on  a  geographical  piinciple, 
which  considers  in  one  family,  all  the  tribes  who  formerly  lived  in  the  southern 
latitudes  of  the  Appallachian  range.  It  has  not  escaped  notice,  that  there  may 
be  reasons  for  such  a  classification,  on  philological  grounds.  No  one  can 
have  given  attention  to  the  subject  without  perceiving  marked  resemblan- 
ces and  affiliations,  in  the  southern  groupe  of  languages,  such  as  exist  be- 
tween the  Choctaw  and  the  Chickesaw,  and  with  more  remoteness  between 
the  latter  and  the  great  Muscogee,  or  Creek  family.  Points  of  harmony  in 
the  principles  of  utterance,  exist  between  all  these  tribes,  even  where  coin- 
cidences in  their  vocabularies  are  reduced  to  but  a  few  instances. 

But  it  is  clear  that  no  classification,  on  philological  principles,  can  be 
successfully  attempted  until  we  Dossess  comparatively  full  and  reliable 
vocabularies  and  grammars  of  all  the  tribes,  cognate  and  diverse.  When 
such  a  classification  is  established,  it  is  apprehended  it  must  rest,  as  a 
basis,  on  the  Muscogee.  The  ancient  confederacy  of  this  type,  had,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  Muscogees,  or  Muscogulges  proper,  the  Hitchitees  and 
Coosadies.  Events  in  their  history,  threw  in  the  elements  of  the  Utchees 
and  the  Natchez,  both  diverse  tribes,  and  who  cannot  now  comprehend  the 
national  language,  without  an  interpreter.*  The  Apalaches,  found  by  De 
Soto,  were,  if  judged  by  the  names  which  the  narrator  of  his  expedition 
employs,  Muscogees.  The  Alabamas,  who  speak  the  Muscogee  with  ^ome 
peculiarities,  appear  to  have  been  of  the  Coosada  branch.  The  Seminoles 
of  modern  days,  are  pure  Creeks.*  The  Appalachicolas  are  of  the  same 
stock,  without  peculiarities.  The  Mobilians  were  pure  Choctaw.  The 
only  really  anomalous  elements  in  this  wide-spread  groupe,  are  the  Natchez 
and  the  Utchees,  among  the  Creeks  proper^  and  the  Catawbas,  with  their 
congeners,  the  Yamasees,  of  South  Carolina.  If  the  latter  be  not  found  to 
have  their  analogies  with  the  leading  Muscogee  stock,  they  occupied 
country  at  an  early  day  at  least,  in  the  southern  seaboard  portions  of  the 
State,  where  some  of  the  geographical  names  of  the  Muscogee  language 
are  still  found.  Philological  researches  are  probably  destined  to  discover 
in  the  Natchez  and  Utchees,  membra  disjecta  of  the  Toltecan  groupe, 
and  thus  to  establish  a  historical  link  between  the  ancient  Mexican  and 
American,  or  United  States  Indians. 

Of  the  Cherokees,  their  fixed  geographical  position  in  the  hills  and  al- 
pine vallies  of  the  mountains;  their  compactness  and  permanency,  their 
peaceful  policy  with  respect  to  the  southern  Indians  generally,  and  their 
language  itself,  appear  to  afford  elements  of  a  classification,  of  which  the 
original  members,  like  those  of  the  Iroquois,  whom  they  resemble  in  their 
original  Totemic  organization,  the  descent  of  the  chieftaincy  in  the  female 
line,  and  some  small  coincidences  of  language,  must  be  sought  far  west, 
or  south-west  from  the  Mississippi. 

•  Vide  Marshall,  2d  chief  of  the  Creeks,  March,  1848,  War  Office. 


19 

The  whole  number  of  works  received  in  the  languages  and  dialects  of 
this  mixed  groupe,  is  foity-five;  of  which,  twenty  are  in  the  Cherokee,  and 
printed  in  the  Cherokee  character;  nineteen  in  the  Choctaw;  and  four  in 
the  Creek.  Translations,  vocabularies,  and  historical  or  illustrative  infor- 
mation respecting  the  Natchez,  Utchees,  and  Catawbas,  are  of  vital  import 
ance  to  the  establishment  of  this  groupe. 

SECTION  I. CHEROKEE. 

BOOKS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  LANGUAGE  OF  THE 

CHEROKEES. 

72. — The  Gospel  of  St.  John,  in  the  Cherokee.  1  vol.  18mo.  101 
p.  Park  Hill,  Arkansas  Mission  Press,  John  Candy,  printer.  2d  edi- 
tion, A.  D,  1S41. 

This  Gospel  is  printed  in  the  Cherokee  character,  under  the  supervision 
of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  The 
name  of  the  translator  is  not  given. 

73. — The  Gospel  of  Matthew,  in  the  Cherokee.  1  vol.  l8mo.  120 
p.  Park  Hill,  Arkansas  Mission  Press,  John  Candy,  printer.  3d  edition, 
A.  D.  1840.     Also  2d  edition  A.  D.  1832. 

Printed  in  the  Cherokee  character,  under  the  same  authority  as  the  pre- 
ceding.    Name  of  the  translator  not  given. 

74. — Doctrines, and  Discipline.  1  vol.  l8mo.  45  p.  Park  Hill,  Ark- 
ansas Mission  Press,  John  Candy,  printer,  A.  D.  1842. 

This  tract  in  the  Cherokee  has  been  prepared  under  the  preceding 
auspices. 

75. — Cherokee  Primer.  1  vol.  l8mo,  24  p.  Park  Hill,  Arkansas 
JVIission  Press,  A.  D.  1840,  J.  Candy,  printer.     Also  edition  of  1846. 

Under  the  same  auspices.  This  is  a  child's  first  book,  and  begins  with 
the  Cherokee  syllabical  alphabet  in  85  characters,  followed  with  spelling 
lessons,  with  cuts,  and  ea^-y  reading  lessons  illustrated  in  the  same  man- 
ner ;  also  the  numerals,  and  a  short  catechism. 

76. — The  Epistles  of  John,  in  the  Cherokee.  1  vol.  18mo.  20  pages. 
Park  Hill,  Arkansas  Mission  Press,  J.  Candy,  printer,  A.D.  1840.  Che- 
rokee character. 

Authority  same  as  the  preceding.  To  aid,  apparently,  the  pupil,  in 
forming  a  just  conception  of  the  event  of  the  Crucifixion,  a  print  thereof 
is  added,  with  a  serpent  round  about  the  foot  of  the  Cross,  and  a  city 
(Jerusalem?)  in  the  back  ground.  This  symbolical  mode  of  teaching,  is 
not  observed  in  any  other  of  the  American  Board's  scripture  translations. 

77. — Evils  of  Into:5^icating  Liquor,  and  the  Remedy.  1  vol.  l8mo.  p. 
59.     Park  Hill,  Arkansas  Mission  Press,  J.  Candy,  printer,  A.  D.  1842, 

In  this  volume,  three  separate  tracts,  in  the  Cherokee  character,  on  the 
'Use  of  intoxicating  drinks,  are  Jocund  together,  in  the  usual  Cherokee  type, 
,jko  match  with  the  jGospels. 


20 

78. — Cherokee  Hymns.  1  vol.  18mo.  67  pages.  Cherokee  character. 
Park  Hill,  Arkansas  Mission  Press,  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  A.  D.  1844.  J. 
Candy,  printer.     Seventh  edition.     Also,  fifth  edition,  1833. 

These  hymns  are  translated  from  several  sources,  and  adapted  to  the  or- 
dinary metres. 

79. — Cherokee  Almanac,  for  1846.  1  vol.  12mo.  36  pages.  Cherokee 
character.  Missionary  Press,  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  Park  Hill,  Arkansas. 
J.  Candy  &  John  F.  Wheeler,  printers. 

This  is  a  useful  and  appropriate  tract,  and  besides  the  usual  astronomi- 
cal calculations,  has  notices  of  some  of  the  features  and  working  of  the 
new  Cherokee  Government,  terms  of  Courts,  &c. 

80. — The  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  according  to  John.  1  vol.  18mo.  p. 
101.  Park  Hill,  Ark.  Miss.  Press,  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  John  F.  Wheeler, 
printer.     A.  D.  1838. 

This  translation  into  the  Cherokee  character  is  by  the  Rev.  S.  A. 
Worcester  and  Mr,  Elias  Boudinot,  the  latter  an  educated  Cherokee. 

81 — Poor  Sarah.  1  vol.  18mo.  18  p.  Cherokee  character.  A.  D. 
1843.  Missionary  Press,  Arkansas.  Also,  edition  of  1833.  From  the 
latter,  this  translation  appears  to  be  by  Mr.  E.  Boudinot. 

82  — Select  Passages  from  the  Holy  Scriptures.  1  vol.  l8mo.  p.  24. 
Cherokee  character.     No  imprint. 

83.— The  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  1  vol.  l8mo.  p.  127.  New  Echota: 
John  F.  Wheeler  and  John  Candy,  printers.  Printed  for  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.     A.  D.  1833. 

This  translation  is  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Worcester  and  Mr.  Elias 
Boudinot. 

84.  ^  Cherokee  Almanac  for  1840,  p.  24.     Park  Hill,  Arkansas. 

85.  V  "  "         for  1846,  p.  36.     Union,  " 

86.  )  "  "         for  1847,  p.  36.     Park  Hill,        " 

These  Almanacs  are  expressed,  chiefly,  in  the  Cherokee  character,  while 
they  denote  its  further  adaptation  to  the  language  of  astronomy,  and  give 
some  facts  of  value  in  the  local  history  and  progress  of  this  tribe  ;  as  such, 
they  are,  with  No.  80,  valuable  elements  of  information. 

87. — Scriptures  in  Cherokee.  Various  Gospels,  &c.  1  vol.  18mo. 
483  pages.  Park  Hill,  Arkansas  Mission  Press,  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  A.  D. 
1844. 

This  is  a  substantially  bound  volume,  consisting  of  the  Gospels,  Acts, 
Epistles  of  Paul  to  Timothy,  and  select  passages  of  Scripture,  Hymns, 
&c.,  forming  a  kind  of  Scripture  miscellany  of  much  value. 

88. — Cherokee  Primer,  edition  of  1846.  4  copies.  1  vol.  18mo.  24 
pages.     Park  Hill,  Arkansas. 

The  progress  of  primary  education,  among  this  people,  may  be  inferred 
from  this  tract. 

89. — Temperance  Tracts  and  Miscellanies.  1  vol.  18mo.  116  pages. 
Park  Hill  Mission  Press.     A.  D.  1844. 

This  volume  consists  of  four  Separate  tracts,  bound  together. 

90  —Dairyman's  Daughter  and  Rob  the  Sailor.  1  vol.  iSmo.  p.  67. 
Park  Hill  Mission  Press,  Arkansas,  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  A.  D.  1847.  Candy 
and  Archer,  printers. 


Two  popular  religious  tracts  are  here  presented  in  the  Cherokee  lan- 
guage, in  their  own  alphabetical  character.  The  translators'  names  are 
not  given, 

91.— Sermon  by  the  Rev.  A.  Dickinson.  1  vol.  18mo.  p.  24.  Chero- 
kee character.     No  imprint. 

92.— Cherokee  Singing  Book.  1  vol.  4to.  86  pages.  Boston:  A.  P. 
.Kendrick,  printer,  for  A.  B.  C.  F,  M.     A,  D.  1846. 

SECTION  II. 
BOOKS  AND  TRACTS  IN  THE  CHOCTAW. 

93. — The  Four  Gospels  in  Choctaw.  Boston.  1  vol.  large  12mo. 
410  pages.  Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  A.  D.  1845. 
Second  edition. 

These  Gospels  are  separately  printed  and  paged,  but  bound  up  together, 
and  form  a  handsome  volume.  They  are  regarded  by  the  best  educated 
Choctaws,  as  a  faithful  rendition  of  the  original  into  that  tongue. 

94. — Chahta  Holisso,  it  im  Anumpuli,  or  the  Choctaw  Reader  for  the 
use  of  native  schools.  Union:  Printed  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  by  John 
F.  Wheeler.     A.  D.  1836.     123  pages. 

There  is  a  table  of  contents  added,  in  English  and  Indian,  to  direct  the 
pupil  to  the  leading  passages. 

95. — Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  Choctaw  Nation.  Park  Hill, 
Cherokee  Nation,  John  Candy,  printer.     A.  D.  1840. 

This  volume  consists  of  two  pamphlets  of  36  and  40  pages  respectively, 
giving  the  matter  in  both  languages. 

96. — Chahta  uba  Isht  Taloa  Holisso,  or  Choctaw  Hymn  Book.  Third 
edition,  revised.  Boston:  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  175.  A.  D.  1844.  Press  of 
T.  R.  Marvin.     Published  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F,  M. 

97. — General  Rules  of  the  United  Societies  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.     Park  Hill:  J.  Candy.     1841.     24  pages. 

98, — Triumphant  Death  of  Pious  Children.  Boston:  1  vol.  12mo.  p. 
72.     Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 

A  few  hymns  are  added  at  the  close  of  these  simple  and  pertinent  nar- 
ratives, 

99. — Chahta  Holisso.  Third  edition,  revised.  Boston:  Crocker  & 
Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     1  vol.  12mo.  p.  72. 

1 00. — Family  Education  and  Government.  A  Discourse  in  the  Choc- 
Uaw language,  by  J.  S.  Williams.  Boston:  A.  D.  1835.  Crocker  & 
Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  p.  48.  With  a  brief  synopsis  of  the 
•discourse  at  its  close,  from  which  the  importance  of  its  subjects  may  be 
judged  of. 

101. — Choctaw  Arithmetic.  Chahta  Na-Holhtina.  Boston  :  1  vol. 
12mo.  p.  72.     Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     A.  D.  1835. 

102.— The  Child's  Book  on  Creation,  or  Ulla  I  Holisso,  &c.  1  vol. 
12m6.  Park  Hill,  Cherokee  Nation.  Mission  Press  :  Candy  &  Wheeler. 
A.  D.  1845.     Second  edition. 


22 

Fourteen  separate  tracts  are  bound  up  in  this  volume,  making  159  pages 
of  matter,  which  is  drawn  from  the  sermons  and  writings  of  Edwards, 
Nevins,  and  other  distinguished  divines  of  past  and  modern  times. 

103. — Ulla  I  Katikisma,  or  Child's  Catechism.  Boston  :  1  vol.  12mo. 
16  pages.  A.  D.  1835.  Crocker  &-  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 
Second  edition,  revised. 

104. — 'Holisso  Holitopa.  Scripture  Lessons.  Utica,  N.  Y:  1  vol. 
12mo.  p.  151.     Press  of  William  Williams.     A.  D.  1831. 

This  volume  is  inscribed  on  tlie  blank  page,  in  front,  "  Sabbath  School 
Book,"  and  bears  the  marks  of  having  been  much  used  by  scholars. 

105. — The  History  of  Joseph  and  his  Brethren,  in  Choctaw.  Utica,  N. 
Y.    Press  of  W.  Williams.  A.  D.  1831.     48  pages,  12mo. 

The  translation  of  this  little  volume  is  due  to  Joseph  Dakes,  a  native 
Choctaw  interpreter,  with  the  revision  of  John  Pitchlyn,  who  appends,  in 
a  certificate,  his  judgment  of  its  faithfulness  to  the  original,  and  probable 
value  to  his  people. 

106. — Chahta  Holisso  A  Tukla,  or  the  Second  Chahta  Book.  1  vol, 
12mo.  p.  144. 

This  volume  contains  translations  of  portions  of  the  Scriptures,  bio- 
graphical notices  of  Henry  Obokiah  and  Catherine  Brown,  a  catechism 
and  dissertations  on  religious  subjects.  It  was  printed  at  Cincinnati  in 
1827,  by  Morgan,  Dodge  &  Fisher.     The  translator's  name  is  withheld. 

107. — The  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  Boston:  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  165. 
Cracker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     A.  D.  1839. 

This  volume  is  accompanied  by  evidences  of  that  carefulness  and  de- 
sire to  create  exact  impressions  in  the  use  of  language,  w^hich  are  deemed  of 
much  value.  It  closes  w^ith  a  list  of  Scripture  proper  names,  as  pronounc- 
ed by  the  ancients  and  by  Choctaws ;  a  table  of  words  of  unusual  use  in 
the  Choctaw,  as  Apostle,  Baptise,  Blaspheme,  &c.,  together  with  a  few 
English  words,  for  which  no  equivalents  could  be  found,  as  Angel,  Syn- 
agogue, Temple,  &c.,  and  a  detailed  table  of  contents. 

108. — Chahta  Ikhan  anchi,  or  the  Choctaw  Instructor.  Utica,  N.  Y: 
William  Williams.  A.  D.  1831.  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  155.  By  a  mission 
nary. 

This  volume  contains  a  brief  summary  of  Old  Testament  History  and 
Biography,  with  practical  reflections.  It  acknowledges  the  aid  and  ser- 
vices of  Isaac  Watson,  a  native  interpreter. 

109. — Chahta  Holisso.  Boston :  1  vol.  12rao.  108  pages.  Crocker 
&  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     A.  D.  1830. 

This  is  a  Spelling  Book,  apparently  the  second  attempt  of  that  kind, 
with  the  Choctaw,  and  carries  the  pupil  from  monosyllables,  into  easy 
reading  lessons.  It  ends  with  a  transmutation  of  the  English  names  of 
the  months  into  Anglo- Choctaw,  as  Macha  for  March,  Eplil  for  April,  Mc 
for  May,  Chuni  for  June,  Chuli  for  July,  Akus  for  August,  &c. 

110. — Choctaw  Spelling  Book  of  1827.  Second  edition,  revised. 
Cincinnati :  Printed  by  Morgan,  Dodge  &  Fisher. 

111.— The  Epistle  of  James,  Chemis  I  Holisso  Hake.  Park  Hill 
Mission  Press.    John  Candy.     A.  D.  1843.     42  pages,  l8rao. 


23 

To  this  Epistle,  is  appended  the  first  three  Chapters  of  Revelations. 
1 12. — Chani  I  Holisso  Uminona  Hoke.     The  Epistles  of  John.     Park 
Hill  Mission  Press.     27  pages,  l8mo.     A.  D.  1841. 

SECTION  III. 
BOOKS  AXD  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  CREEK  OR  MUSCOGEE. 

113.— .The  Muskoke  Spelling  Book.  Park  Hill,  Cherokee  Nation. 
Mission  Press.  E.  Archer,  printer.  A.  D.  1847.  36  pages,  18rao. 
Prepared  by  Rev.  P.  Harrison  and  D.  P.  Aspberry. 

114. — Nakchokv  Esyvhiketv.  Muskoke  Hymns,  collected  and  revised 
by  Rev.  R.  M.  Loughridge.  Park  Hill,  Mission  Press.  John  Candy, 
printer.     A.  D.  1843.     1  vol.  l8mo.  p.  45. 

To  these  hymns,  the  Ten  Commandants  and  Lord's  Prayer,  are  added. 

115. — The  Muskoke  Hymns  of  1847,  prepared  and  revised  by  Rev.  P. 
Harrison  and  D.  P.  Aspberry,  native  missionaries.     1  vol.  18mo.  101  p. 

These  are  the  hymns  of  Loughridge,  of  1835,  in  a  revised  and  improv- 
ed form, 

116. — A  Short  Sermon:  Also,  Hymns  in  the  Muskoke  or  Creek  lan- 
guage, by  the  Rev.  John  Fleming.  Boston  i  Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the 
A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     1  vol.  18mo.  35  pages.     A.  D.  1835. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

BOOKS,  TRACTS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE 

DACOTA. 

But  one  member  of  this  groupe  had  crossed  the  Mississippi,  in  their 
ancient  migrations,  and  fixed  themselves  in  the  area  east  of  it.  This  tribe 
was  the  Winnebagoes,  who  formeily  maintained  an  independent  position 
in  central  Wisconsin.  They  went  into  Iowa,  a  few  years  since,  and  have 
just  completed  their  second  removal  into  the  country  of  the  Chippewas, 
on  the  west  banks  of  the  Upper  Mississippi.  There  is  thus  left  no  portion 
of  this  stock  east  of  that  stream,  save,  perhaps,  a  small  band  of  the  Sioux, 
who  are  yet  located  on  its  east  bank,  between  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  and 
the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  river.  The  great  body  of  the  Dacota  groupe 
extend  westward  (north  of  Iowa)  to  and  beyond  the  Missouri,  stretching 
southwardly  below  the  Rocky  Mountains  across  the  waters  of  the  Platte. 
The  lowas,  the  Otoes,  Omahaws,  Osages,  &c.,  are  elder  branches  of  this 
groupe,  who  appear  as  a  body,  inclined  to  fall  back,  in  that  direction. 

The  principal  missionary  efforts  have  been  among  the  Sioux  proper,  in 
which  there  have  been  published,  so  far  as  known,  thirteen  separate  trans- 
lations ;  at  the  same  time  there  have  been  five  translations  in  the  Iowa,  and  a 
single  work,  in  each  of  the  dialects  of  the  Winnebago,  Otoe,  and  Osage. 

SECTION  I. SIOUX,  OR  DACOTA  PROPER. 

117. — W^icoicage  Wowapi   qa   odowan  Wakan,  &c. — The   Book   of 
Genesis,  and  a  part  of  the  Psalms.     1  vol.   12mo.  p.  295.     Cincinnati, 
Ohio  :  Kendall  &  Barnard,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions,  A.  D.  1842. 

This  is  a  version  of  the  Book  of  Genesis  and  a  part  of  the  Psalms  from 
the  original  Hebrew  into  the  Dokota,  by  the  missionaries  of  the  American 
Board  and  Mr.  Joseph  Renville,  Sr. 

118. — Jesus  Ohnihde  Wicaye  cin  oranyanpi  Qon :  qa  Palos  Wowapi 
Kage  ciqon,  &c.  1  vol.  12mo.  p.  228.  Cincinnati,  Ohio :  Kendall  & 
Barnard,  for  the  American  Bible  Society,  A.  D.  1843. 

This  volume  contains  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  the  Epistles  and  the 
Revelation  of  John,  in  the  Dakota  language,  translated  from  the  Greek  by 
Stephen  R.  Riggs,  A.  M. 

119. — Old  Testament  Extracts.  1  vol.  l8mo.  aggregate  pages  216. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  A.  D.  1839.  Printed  by  Kendall  &  Henry,  for  the  A. 
B.  C.  F.  Missions. 

This  volume  contains  extracts  from  Genesis  and  the  Psalms,  the  third 
chapter  of  Proverbs,  and  the  third  chapter  of  Daniel,  translated  from  the 
French  version  of  the  Bible  by  Joseph  Renville,  Sr.,  and  prepared  for  the 
press  by  Dr.  Thomas  S.  Williamson. 

120. — Wowapi  Mitawa,  tamakece  Kaga— -My  own  Book.     1  vol.  18 


mo.  64  pages,  A.  D.  1842.  Boston  :  Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.. 
C.  F.  M. 

Prepared  from  Rev.  T.  H.  Gallaudet's  "  Mother's  Primer  "  and  "  Child's 
Picture  Defining  and  Reading  Book,"  by  S.  R.  Riggs,  A.  M. 

121. — Dakota  Dowanpi  Kin — Sioux  Hymns.  1  vol.  18mo.  71  pages, 
A.  D.  1842.     Boston :   Crocker  &,  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions. 

These  hymns  are  composed  in  the  Dacota  language  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Renville  and  Sons, 

122. — The  Dakota  First  Reading  Book.  1  vol.  18mo.  50  pages.  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  A.  D.  1839 :  Kendall  &  Henry,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 
Prepared  by  Stephen  R.  Riggs  and  Gideon  H.  Pond. 

123. — Dakota  Wiwangapiwowapi — Sioux  Catechism.  1  vol.  12mo. 
12  pages,  A.  D.  1844.  New  Haven,  Conn :  Hitchcock  &  Stafford,  for 
the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     By  Rev.  S.  W.  Pond. 

124. — Eliza  Marpicokawin,  Raratonwan  oyate  en  wapige  Sa ;  qa  Sara 
war  panica  qon,  &c.  12  pages,  12mo.  Boston  :  Crocker  &  Brewster,^ 
for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  A.  D.  1842. 

A  narrative  of  a  pious  native  female. 

125. — ^Wowapi  Inonpa — The  Second  Dacota  Reading  Book.  Boston : 
Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  I  vol.  12mo.  54  pages,  A. 
D.  1842.  By  Rev.  S..  W.  Pond.  Consists  of  Bible  stories  from  the  Old 
Testament. 

126. — Wiconi  Owihanke  Wannin  Taninkin.  Boston:  Crocker  & 
Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.     23  pages  12mo.     A.  D.  1837. 

This  volume  contains  Dr.  Watts'  Second  Catechism  for  children,  trans- 
lated into  the  Dacota  by  Joseph  Renville^  Sr. 

127. — Sioux  Spelling  Book,  designed  for  the  use  of  native  learners. 
Boston:  Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  22  pages  12mo. 
A.  D.  1836. 

This  useful  little  elementary  volume  is  accompanied  with  a  Key  of  the 
vowel  sounds. 

128. — Josep  Oyakapi  Kin — The  History  of  Joseph  and  his  Brethren. 
Cincinnati :  Kendall  &  Henry,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  1  vol.  40  p.  l8mo. 
A.  D.  1839. 

This  is  a  translation  of  the  narration  of  the  events,  on  this  subject,  re- 
corded in  Genesis,  by  Samuel  W.  and  Gideon  H.  Pond,  educated  natives. 

129. — Woahope  Wikcemna  Kin,  (sheet.) 

We  have  here,  the  Ten  Commandants,  and  the  Lord's  Prayer,  in  the 
Dakota.     J^o  imprint. 

130. — Wotanin  Waxte  Markus  owa  Kin  Dee.  Cincinnati :  Kendall  & 
Henry,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions.  1  vol.  18mo.  96  pages,  A.D.  1839. 

The  Gospel  of  Mark  in  this  translation  is  put  into  Sioux  orally  by  Jos. 
Renville,  Sr.,  and  was  written  and  prepared  for  the  press  by  Dr.  Thomas 
L.  Williamson. 

SECTION    II. WINNEBAGO. 

131. — Ocangra  Aramee  Wa  wa  Ka  Ka  ra — Ocangra  Prayer  Book.    De- 
3 


26 

troit :  George  L.  Whitney,  printer.     Published  for  the  Catholic  Churcliy 
A.  D.  1833,  18  pages  12mo. 

This  appears  to  be  the  first  attempt  at  translation  into  the  Winnebago 
dialect.  It  is  a  translation  of  part  of  the  Ottawa  prayer  book,  containing 
203  pages  {vide  No.  45,)  2d  edition,  used  by  the  Ottawa  Indians  of 
L'arbre  Croche. 

SECTION  III. 
BOOKS  AND  TRANSLATIONS  IN  THE  IOWA  LA.NGUAGE. 

132. — Original  Hymns  in  the  Iowa  language.  1  vol.  62  pages,  18mo. 
with  forms  of  Prayer,  24  pages,  and  an  introduction  to  the  shorter  Cate^ 
chisms,  29  pages. 

This  volume  is  prepared  by  the  missionaries  of  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  printed  at  their  press  at  the 
Iowa  and  Sac  Mission,  Indian  Territory.     A.  D.  1843. 

133. — An  Iowa  Grammar,  in  part. 

Of  this  work.  111  pages,  l8mo.,  from  page  9  to  100  inclusive,  have 
been  received  from  Messrs.  Irvin  &  Hamilton,  missionaries  among  the 
lowas,  on  the  Missouri,  in  the  service  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  tl\e  United  States.  Its  completion  is  looked 
for  with  interest.  ^ 

134. — Iowa  Primer,  in  part. 

There  are  but  8  pages  of  this  publication,  extending  from  pages  17  to 
24  inclusive,  which  was  transmitted  by  Walter  Lowry,  Esq.,  Secretary 
Board  Foreign  Missions  Presbyterian  Church,  United  States.  These 
sheets  contain  tables  of  Iowa  dyssyllables  and  trysyllables,  carefully  ac- 
cented, with  their  equivalents  in  English,  and  Constitute  fragmentary  ele- 
ments of  value. 

135. — Iowa  Hymns,  a  fragment. 

This  consists  of  16  pages  of  translation,  No.  132,  of  the  same  date  and 
edition. 

136. — St.  Matthew  in  Iowa,  in  part. 

But  five  Chapters  (32  pages,)  of  this  Gospel,  have  been  received  from 
the  translators,  Messrs.  Irvin  &  Haimilton,  who  ar6  the  same  gentlemen 
engaged  on  the  Grammar,  No.  133. 

SECTION  IV. OTOE. 

137. — Otoe  Hymn  Book,  by  Moses  Merrill.  Shawanoe  Mission.  J» 
Meeker,  printer,  A.  D.  1834. 

This  appears  to  be  the  only  translation  of  any  kind  which  has  been  made 
into  Otoe.  The  sound  of  k  following  f,  as  in  Ira-ke-kofk,  reminds  the 
observer  of  a  common  sound  in  the  Tuscarora,  which  appears  wanting  in 
all  the  dialects  which  are  geographically  located  between  them.  It  has 
also,  the  final  tl,  a  termination  so  common  to  the  Aztecs* 


S7  ♦ 

SECTION  V. — OSAGE  :    WASHASHE. 

138.— Washashe  Wageressa  Pahugreh  Tse.  The  Osage  First  Book. 
Boston  :  Crocker  &  Brewster,  for  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  Missions.  1  vol.  18mo. 
126  pages.     A.  D.  1834. 

The  broad  sound  of  the  letter  a,  as  heard  in  fall,  is  represented  in  this 
compilation,  by  a  peculiar  enlargement  of  the  letter.  The  word  Wacon- 
dah,  the  family  name  of  this  groupe,  for  the  Great  Spirit,  is  dropped,  and 
♦its  place  supplied  by  "  Chihova,"  (Jehovah.) 


CHAPTER  v.— SAAPTINIC. 

Of  tlie  thirteen  distinct  generic  families  or  groupes  of  Indians,  reported 
to  exist  along  the"  Oregon  and  California  shores  of  the  Pacific,  by  the 
ethnographer  of  Captain  Wilkes'  Expedition,  but  a  single  specimen  of 
translation  has  been  received.  It  was,  it  appears,  the  Sa-aptins,  and  not 
the  Flatheads  of  the  Salish  groupe,  who  applied  for  teachers,  by  perform- 
ing a  long  journey  to  St.  Louis.  And  the  small  elementary  work,  below 
noticed,  is  to  be  regarded  as  the  first  fruits  of  the  mission  established 
among  them. 

SECTION    I. —  NEZ    PERCES  :      SA-APTIN. 

139. — Nez  Perce's  First  Book.  Designed  for  children  and  new  begin- 
ners.    Clear  Water  Mission  Press.     20  pages,  18mo.     A.  D.  1839. 

The  first  spelling  lesson  consists  of  44  monosyllables  ;  the  second, 
124  dyssyllables ;  the  third,  of  56  dyssyllables ;  the  fifth,  of  60  dyssylla- 
bles,  and  the  sixth,  of  18  dyssyllables.  The  sounds  of  tl,  Ih  and  hi,  appear 
to  be  the  only  ones  which  are  not  known  to  the  tribes  east  of  the  moun- 
tains, but  have  their  analogies  in  the  Aztec  family. 

Mr.  Hale,  the  ethnographer  attached  to  Captain  Wilkes'  Expedition,, 
observes  of  this  tribe,  that  it  is  supposed  to  number  2,000  souls.  The 
Sa-aptins  possess  the  country  on  the  Lewis  or  Snake  river,  from  the  Petoos 
to  Wapticaciaes,  about  400  miles.  They  resemble  the  Missouri  Indians  ; 
have  horses,  are  good  hunters,  and  make  long  excursions  to  the  Rocky- 
Mountains.  They  had,  formerly,  wars  with  the  Shoshonees,  Crows,  and 
Blackfeet.  They  sent  a  deputation  for  missionaries,  across  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  The  disposition  of  this  tribe  has  been  much  eulogized  by 
travellers.  They  are  considered  superior  m  intellect  to  the  other  Oregon! 
tribes. 


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